Acid Dye
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Acid Dye
An acid dye is a dye that is typically applied to a textile at low pH. They are mainly used to dye wool, not cotton fabrics.[1] Some acid dyes are used as food colorants,[2][3] and some can also be used to stain organelles in the medical field.
In the laboratory, home, or art studio, the acid used in the dye-bath is often vinegar (acetic acid) or citric acid. The uptake rate of the dye is controlled with the use of sodium chloride. In textiles, acid dyes are effective on protein fibers, i.e. animal hair fibers like wool, alpaca, and mohair. They are also effective on silk.[7] They are effective in dyeing the synthetic fiber nylon, but of minimum interest in dyeing any other synthetic fibers.
In staining during microscopic examination for diagnosis or research, acid dyes are used to color basic tissue proteins. In contrast, basic dyes are used to stain cell nuclei and some other acidic components of tissues.[8] Regarding cellular structures, acid dyes will stain acidophilic structures that have a net positive charge due to the fact that they have a negatively charged chromophore. Acidophilic structures include the cytoplasm, collagen and mitochondria. The two have an affinity for each other due to the conflicting charges.[9][10] Examples of acid dyes used in medicine include:[11]
Dharma's own line of professional Acid Dyes for Silk, Wool and Nylon! While we have offered other acid dyes for years, we have decided to mix and package our own line of Acid Dyes in order to increase the range of colors and to lower prices.
Acid Dyes are concentrated powdered dyes for dyeing protein fibers and some Nylons (best for PFP or "prepared for printing" Nylon). The best choice for tub dyeing silk and wool fabrics, skeins of silk or wool yarn, feathers, etc. You can also paint or print with with it if you fix it by steaming. For tub dyeing, use these dyes on your stove or in a washing machine, keeping in mind that they do require very HOT water or steaming for best results. The only other thing needed is white vinegar for the fixative, or citric acid which is odorless. Acid Dyes react fast, exhaust well, and results for most colors are very lightfast and washfast. As with all powdered dyes or craft chemicals, handle with care and use good housekeeping procedures. Our color charts were done from wool dyeings, in a pot, on the stove. Silk and wool do not always come out the same color, techniques and water cause variation, plus monitors vary, etc., so when color is critical, test, test, test! Wash items dyed with acid dye in cold water. For a dye for protein fibers that is washfast even in hot water, see our new Dharma Lanaset Dyes.
Acid Dyes are the dye of choice for dyeing all protein fibers, like wool and other animal hair like alpaca, angora, mohair, etc., silk, feathers, and also they dye nylon. They are even used on leather sometimes. These concentrated powdered dyes are used primarily for tub-dyeing yardage or clothing, or tub dyeing or painting on protein yarns & roving. You can use these dyes either on top of your stove or in a washing machine but they do require very hot water to work properly. Washing machines don't get as hot, but do maintain consistent time, temperature and agitation, yielding more even results. If you are using them for direct application you would steam or microwave them. The only other thing needed (as a fixative) is household white vinegar or a mild powdered acid like Citric Acid which is actually more economical and eliminates the Vinegar smell. Textbooks and commercial dyers also talk about adding leveling agents to get the most even solid colors, like Glauber's Salt to Leveling Acid Dyes and using Ammonium Sulfate (used also for fertilizing plants) first, before the vinegar or citric, with Milling and Pre-metallized Acid Dyes, especially when dyeing paler colors. Check out our article - "Did you Know how Acid Dyes Work" if you are a really serious wool/silk dyer and really want to get into th
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